Surfactants involvement in the toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides on the cerebral of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65746/pec61Keywords:
Clarias gariepinus; force up; glyphosate herbicides; mortality; round up; surfactantAbstract
The proliferation of glyphosate-based herbicides is becoming a global menace due to their economic viability, thereby resulting in their indiscriminate usage among the consumers. Consequently, there is an increase in the occurrence of these herbicides in aquatic bodies, posing a threat to aquatic life. The present study sought to investigate the variations in toxicities of glyphosate-based herbicides in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Evaluation of the response of Clarias gariepinus juveniles when exposed to glyphosate-based herbicides, namely Round Up (RU) and Force Up (FU), during a range study, which was between 0.0 and 5000 mg/L in thousand doses, was carried out for 96 h. Thereafter, fish were exposed to lower concentrations of RU and higher concentrations of FU. Additionally, the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides were evaluated in surviving catfish for biochemical indices (enzymatic and redox status). At the expiration of the exposure period, there was total mortality of fish in the group treated with RU, while zero mortality was observed in the FU-treated group. As a result, RU concentration was downscaled to 0.0–200 mg/L in arithmetic progression, while FU was increased to 4800–5800 mg/L. Round Up was observed to have more toxicological effect on the biochemical indices investigated namely; lipid peroxidation, 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging property, ferric radical-reducing antioxidant property (FRAP), glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteinyl glycine (GSH)) levels, and the modulation of activities of redox-sensitive enzymes in the cerebral tissues of exposed catfish than observed with Force Up. Therefore, the variation in toxicological effects of these glyphosate herbicide products confers more or less toxicity on the environment, and this may be a function of the composition of surfactants included in their individual formulations.
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